Sperm analysis – assessment of male fertility

A semen analysis is a laboratory test in which the quality of sperm is assessed using a microscope.  

The test measures: 

• Sperm concentration and total count
• Sperm motility 
• The volume of semen
• Sperm cell shape (morphology) 

The purpose of the test is to determine whether there are enough high-quality sperm cells in the semen for natural conception and which fertility treatment is likely to yield the best results. 

Possible findings: 

• Oligozoospermia – low sperm count 
• Azoospermia – complete absence of sperm cells 
• Low motility – reduces the chances of conception 

A semen analysis is often the first step in determining the causes of infertility.

The test is simple and safe. 
 The semen analysis is performed in a private room at the clinic or at home. For semen analysis, a sample can also be brought from home, but this requires a prior appointment with the clinic and specific instructions on sample collection and delivery. 

Usually: 

• Refrain from ejaculation for 2–5 days before the test
• The sample is collected via masturbation into a sterile container

The sample is evaluated by laboratory specialists. If providing a sample is not possible or there are no sperm cells in the semen (e.g., following a vasectomy), sperm cells can be collected from the testicles using the TESA method. Ask our clinic’s andrologist for more detailed information about the procedure.  

Sperm quality can often be improved through natural lifestyle changes: 

• A balanced diet 
• Regular physical activity 
• Enough sleep 
• Reducing alcohol consumption 
• Quitting smoking and nicotine products

Sperm maturation takes about 3 months, which means that positive changes may become visible in test results after 3–4 months. 

If lifestyle changes are not enough, our clinic’s andrologist can recommend suitable treatment methods. 

In addition to the basic semen analysis, there are several additional tests that help identify the causes of male infertility, determine treatment if necessary, or select a suitable in vitro fertilization method. 

1. MAR IgG test – a test for antibodies against sperm cells. The MAR IgG test is a recommended additional analysis during the very first semen analysis. 
2. HaloSperm – this test determines whether and to what extent sperm DNA breaks are present (DNA fragmentation index, or DFI)
3. IL-6 measurement in semen – a marker of local inflammation. 
4. HBA – this test determines the percentage of mature sperm cells. The HBA test helps assess sperm quality, maturity, and fertilization potential. 
5. MiOXSYS – this test determines the level of oxidative stress in sperm and assesses the need for antioxidant supplementation. 
6. Eosin test – indicates sperm viability, i.e., how many sperm are capable of fertilizing an egg 
7. Aerobic culture – indicates the presence of aerobic bacteria, which suggests inflammation